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What is a molybdenum rack?

Mar 06,2026

What is a molybdenum rack?

Molybdenum material racks are high-temperature resistant support racks specifically designed for use in high-temperature vacuum furnaces/atmosphere furnaces. Their core function is to stably support workpieces, boats, crucibles, etc., in a vacuum or protective atmosphere at 1600–2200℃. They are key tooling for high-temperature processes such as sapphire, single crystal, powder metallurgy, and electronic ceramics.

I. Core Materials and Grades
The mainstream materials used are pure molybdenum (Mo1), lanthanum-molybdenum (MoLa), and TZM alloys, with a purity typically ≥99.95%:

Pure Molybdenum (Mo1): General-purpose type, melting point 2610℃, extremely low thermal expansion, suitable for conventional vacuum furnaces at 1600–1800℃.

Lanthanum-molybdenum (MoLa): Superior high-temperature resistance to sagging and creep compared to pure molybdenum, suitable for long-term use at 1800–2000℃.

TZM (Ti-Zr-Mo): Highest high-temperature strength, high recrystallization temperature, suitable for heavy-duty applications above 2000℃, and harsh conditions such as sapphire crystal growth furnaces.

II. Structure and Process

Structural Forms:
* Multi-layer rack/platform: Layered load-bearing structure improves furnace space utilization.
* Material frame/basket: Equipped with railings to prevent workpiece slippage.
* Modular: Main frame + support plate + positioning components; ceramic pads can be added for heat insulation/insulation.
* Manufacturing Process:
Sheet/bar cutting, bending, welding (argon arc welding/vacuum welding), riveting assembly.
* Surface Finish: Black finish, alkaline cleaning, polishing; some parts are coated with an anti-oxidation coating.

III. Key Performance Advantages
* Ultra-high temperature resistance: Long-term operating temperature 1600–2200℃, short-term up to 2500℃.
* Low thermal expansion: Extremely strong dimensional stability; virtually no deformation at high temperatures.
* High specific strength: Density only 10.2 g/cm³; high-temperature strength far exceeds that of stainless steel and graphite.
* Vacuum cleanliness: No volatilization, no workpiece contamination, suitable for high-purity material preparation.
* Good corrosion resistance: Resistant to molten glass, molten metal, and acid/alkali corrosion. IV. Main Application Areas

Sapphire/Single Crystal Growth: Crystal growth furnace support, seed crystal holder, crucible support (mainly TZM).

Powder Metallurgy and Sintering: Vacuum sintering support for cemented carbide, ceramics, and metal powders.

Electronics and Semiconductors: Ceramic substrates, LED substrates, vacuum annealing/brazing support.

Heat Treatment and Brazing: Workpiece support and positioning in high-temperature vacuum furnaces and hydrogen furnaces.

Glass and Refractory Materials: High-temperature support for glass melting and refractory material firing.

V. Selection Considerations

Temperature: ≤1800℃: Mo1; 1800–2000℃: MoLa; ≥2000℃: TZM.

Load: TZM is preferred for heavy loads and large spans.

Atmosphere: Vacuum/hydrogen/inert atmospheres are suitable; oxidizing atmospheres require a coating.

Dimensions: The number of layers and spacing are customized according to the furnace cavity inner diameter and workpiece size.

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